> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mintlify.com/vercel/next.js/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Caching

> Learn how to cache data and UI in Next.js using the use cache directive, cacheLife, cacheTag, and Partial Prerendering.

Caching stores the result of data fetching and computations so that future requests can be served faster. Next.js uses the `use cache` directive to control what gets cached and for how long.

<Note>
  This page covers caching with Cache Components, enabled by setting `cacheComponents: true` in your `next.config.ts`. For the previous model, see the [Caching and Revalidating (Previous Model)](/app/core-concepts/caching) guide.
</Note>

## Enabling Cache Components

```typescript filename="next.config.ts" theme={null}
import type { NextConfig } from 'next'

const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
  cacheComponents: true,
}

export default nextConfig
```

## The `use cache` directive

The `use cache` directive caches the return value of async functions and components. Apply it at two levels:

* **Data-level**: Cache a function that fetches or computes data
* **UI-level**: Cache an entire component or page

Arguments and any closed-over values from parent scopes automatically become part of the cache key, so different inputs produce separate cache entries.

### Data-level caching

```tsx filename="app/lib/data.ts" theme={null}
import { cacheLife } from 'next/cache'

export async function getUsers() {
  'use cache'
  cacheLife('hours')
  return db.query('SELECT * FROM users')
}
```

Data-level caching is useful when the same data is used across multiple components, or when you want to cache the data independently from the UI.

### UI-level caching

```tsx filename="app/page.tsx" theme={null}
import { cacheLife } from 'next/cache'

export default async function Page() {
  'use cache'
  cacheLife('hours')

  const users = await db.query('SELECT * FROM users')

  return (
    <ul>
      {users.map((user) => (
        <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  )
}
```

<Note>
  If you add `'use cache'` at the top of a file, all exported functions in the file will be cached.
</Note>

## cacheLife profiles

`cacheLife` controls how long cached data remains valid. It accepts a profile name or a custom configuration object:

| Profile   | `stale` | `revalidate` | `expire`     |
| --------- | ------- | ------------ | ------------ |
| `seconds` | 0       | 1s           | 60s          |
| `minutes` | 5m      | 1m           | 1h           |
| `hours`   | 5m      | 1h           | 1d           |
| `days`    | 5m      | 1d           | 1w           |
| `weeks`   | 5m      | 1w           | 30d          |
| `max`     | 5m      | 30d          | \~indefinite |

For fine-grained control, pass a configuration object:

```tsx theme={null}
'use cache'
cacheLife({
  stale: 3600,    // 1 hour until considered stale
  revalidate: 7200, // 2 hours until revalidated
  expire: 86400,  // 1 day until expired
})
```

## Streaming uncached data

For components that require fresh data on every request, do not use `"use cache"`. Wrap them in `<Suspense>` instead — React renders the fallback immediately and streams in the resolved content:

```tsx filename="page.tsx" theme={null}
import { Suspense } from 'react'

async function LatestPosts() {
  const data = await fetch('https://api.example.com/posts')
  const posts = await data.json()
  return (
    <ul>
      {posts.map((post) => (
        <li key={post.id}>{post.title}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  )
}

export default function Page() {
  return (
    <>
      <h1>My Blog</h1>
      <Suspense fallback={<p>Loading posts...</p>}>
        <LatestPosts />
      </Suspense>
    </>
  )
}
```

## Working with runtime APIs

Runtime APIs (`cookies`, `headers`, `searchParams`) are only available at request time. Components that access them should be wrapped in `<Suspense>`:

```tsx filename="page.tsx" theme={null}
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
import { Suspense } from 'react'

async function UserGreeting() {
  const cookieStore = await cookies()
  const theme = cookieStore.get('theme')?.value || 'light'
  return <p>Your theme: {theme}</p>
}

export default function Page() {
  return (
    <>
      <h1>Dashboard</h1>
      <Suspense fallback={<p>Loading...</p>}>
        <UserGreeting />
      </Suspense>
    </>
  )
}
```

### Passing runtime values to cached functions

Extract values from runtime APIs and pass them as arguments to cached functions:

```tsx filename="app/profile/page.tsx" theme={null}
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
import { Suspense } from 'react'

export default function Page() {
  return (
    <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
      <ProfileContent />
    </Suspense>
  )
}

// Reads runtime data (not cached)
async function ProfileContent() {
  const session = (await cookies()).get('session')?.value
  return <CachedContent sessionId={session} />
}

// Receives the extracted value as a prop (sessionId becomes part of cache key)
async function CachedContent({ sessionId }: { sessionId: string }) {
  'use cache'
  const data = await fetchUserData(sessionId)
  return <div>{data}</div>
}
```

## How rendering works

At build time, Next.js renders your route's component tree. How each component is handled depends on the APIs it uses:

* `use cache`: the result is cached and included in the static shell
* `<Suspense>`: the fallback UI is included in the static shell; content streams at request time
* Deterministic operations (pure computations, module imports): automatically included in the static shell

This approach is called **Partial Prerendering (PPR)** — the default behavior with Cache Components.

## Complete example

Here's how static content, cached dynamic content, and streaming dynamic content work together:

```tsx filename="app/blog/page.tsx" theme={null}
import { Suspense } from 'react'
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
import { cacheLife, cacheTag, updateTag } from 'next/cache'
import Link from 'next/link'

export default function BlogPage() {
  return (
    <>
      {/* Static content — prerendered automatically */}
      <header>
        <h1>Our Blog</h1>
        <nav>
          <Link href="/">Home</Link> | <Link href="/about">About</Link>
        </nav>
      </header>

      {/* Cached dynamic content — included in the static shell */}
      <BlogPosts />

      {/* Runtime dynamic content — streams at request time */}
      <Suspense fallback={<p>Loading your preferences...</p>}>
        <UserPreferences />
      </Suspense>
    </>
  )
}

// Everyone sees the same blog posts (revalidated every hour)
async function BlogPosts() {
  'use cache'
  cacheLife('hours')
  cacheTag('posts')

  const res = await fetch('https://api.vercel.app/blog')
  const posts = await res.json()

  return (
    <section>
      <h2>Latest Posts</h2>
      <ul>
        {posts.slice(0, 5).map((post: any) => (
          <li key={post.id}>
            <h3>{post.title}</h3>
            <p>By {post.author} on {post.date}</p>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </section>
  )
}

// Personalized per user — streams at request time
async function UserPreferences() {
  const theme = (await cookies()).get('theme')?.value || 'light'
  const favoriteCategory = (await cookies()).get('category')?.value

  return (
    <aside>
      <p>Your theme: {theme}</p>
      {favoriteCategory && <p>Favorite category: {favoriteCategory}</p>}
    </aside>
  )
}
```

## Opting out of the static shell

Placing an empty `<Suspense>` fallback above the document body causes the entire app to defer to request time:

```tsx filename="app/layout.tsx" theme={null}
import { Suspense } from 'react'

export default function RootLayout({
  children,
}: {
  children: React.ReactNode
}) {
  return (
    <html>
      <Suspense fallback={null}>
        <body>{children}</body>
      </Suspense>
    </html>
  )
}
```

<Warning>
  Because the fallback is `null`, there is no static shell to send immediately. Every request blocks until the page is fully rendered. Use this sparingly and only for specific routes.
</Warning>